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Complete substitution exists between enstatite (Mg2Si2O6) and ferrosilite (Fe2Si2O6), and complete solid solution of iron for magnesium exists between diopside (CaMgSi2O6) and hedenbergite (CaFeSi2O6).
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In the coding region of GmF3G2″Gt, six SNPs and one two-base substitution existed between Harosoy and Nezumisaya, resulting in four amino acid substitutions.
However, the TreeSAAP results indicated that very similar patterns of amino acid substitution exist between the three gene regions, i.e., most amino acid properties are subject to purifying selection on destabilizing changes.
A similar prevalence of nonsynonymous coding-region substitutions exists across all the species; about 90% of codons exhibit identical codon and amino acid diversities, indicating that every observed nucleotide substitution at these locations caused an amino acid replacement.
Considering only the b-like alleles of S. invicta, a greater than 3-fold excess of coding-region substitutions exists, attributable mostly to augmented variation in the first and second codon positions.
Three amino acid substitutions exist in AcDe7 as follows: one apolar amino acid (Gly) substitutes the polar amino acid (Cys) at position 3, one apolar amino acid (Pro) substitutes the polar amino acid (Thr) at position 41 and one natural mutation occurs at position 20 (Thr-Asn) in AcDe7 (Figure 1A).
For SSIIa, four amino acid (AA) substitutions exist between the indica and japonica cultivars (Nakamura et al. 2005); two of these substitutions are in the C-terminal region and are crucial for the SSIIa activity.
Compared with the Western honeybee defensin peptides, one to three amino acid substitutions exist in each defensin peptide of the Asiatic honeybee.
Two nucleotide substitutions exist between S. alba and S. ovata.
The results are consistent with the fact that base substitutions exist throughout the cotton genome [ 24].
Twenty-eight nonsynonymous substitutions existed in transcriptional activation domains which were responsible for activation of CBF regulon genes.
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