Sentence examples for substitution data from inspiring English sources
For HGDP data,27 we used the all substitution data only because of limited number of SNPs.
Recently, an interesting question has emerged in the evolutionary interpretation of sequence substitution data as evidence of amino acid selection pressure.
Figure 2 Some important physicochemical properties of PCBs in relation to chlorine substitution (data taken from[6, 7]).
Nucleotide substitution data can be extracted from the alignment output file using the SNP_search tool.
Here, we present nucleotide polymorphism and substitution data for 41 candidate genes from the long-lived forest tree loblolly pine, selected primarily for their prospective influences on host-pathogen interactions.
Here, we present several population genetic analyses on nucleotide polymorphism and substitution data for 41 disease response candidate gene loci as well as 28 additional loci from previous studies in loblolly pine.
In fact, 100% of the CRF01_AE sequences in our cohort carried these amino acid substitutions (data not shown; see the Methods, for the GenBank accession number), indicating that these two CTL epitopes are less likely recognized in CRF01_AE infections.
Further calculations revealed that Ka (the rate of non-synonymous substitutions) had a comparatively stronger correlation with order position (P < 0.001; Fig. 4C & 4D) than Ks (the rate of synonymous substitutions; data not shown).
Finally, we note that all the above results can be replicated if we define protein evolutionary rate as dN/dS or dN/dS' (ratio of non-synonymous substitutions to adjusted synonymous substitutions; data not shown).
Half of the Δ ncalc for the triple mutant arises from removal of the three positive charges via alanine substitutions (data not shown); the remaining half arises from addition of negative charges at these positions.
To confirm that DSR-dependent selective elimination was functional for Construct 1, we substituted the DSR sequence with a non-functional sequence termed DSR-M10 that had six nucleotide substitutions (data not shown).
