For example Nad10, which is a very conserved KPC gene, contained extremely similar rates of substitutions close to 1, and so did the less conserved Ymf61 and Ymf68.
A set of the identified aminoacidic substitutions, close to the secondary plastoquinone binding niche and oxygen evolving complex, were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis in un-transformed strains, and their sensitivity to free radicals attack analyzed.
Here, alternative solutions such as switching the template strand to avoid base substitutions close to the 3' end of the allele-specific primer and/or lengthening it to overcome the hybridization destabilizing effects of additional mismatches with the more central part of its binding sequence might also be insufficient.
Moreover, nucleotide substitutions close to indels are biased toward transversions, a signature of error-prone polymerases.
Thus, amino acid substitutions closer to the N-terminus in carnobacteriocin B2 drastically reduced or eliminated antimicrobial activity, whereas this was not so for substitutions close to the C-terminal part (Quadri et al., 1997a).
The transition C456T prolongs a short stretch of four Ts between positions 452 and 455 by another T. Also, the false positive and false negative substitutions close to the PCR primer binding sites (e.g. positions 10651, 10664) reported by the variant caller were not observed with the NextGENe aligner.
Here we described optimization of DHCH and chitin dibutyrate (dibutyryl chitin, DBC) synthesis conditions (temperature and reaction time) to obtain desired polymers with high reaction yield, high substitution degree (close to 2) and appropriately high molecular weights.
The corrosion current of the solution with 50% calcium acetate substitution was close to zero, indicating a high corrosion potential (Stern and Geary 1957; Marcus 1993).
This substitution is close to the functional RGD motif and may influence integrin binding.
This substitution is close to the NH2-terminus of the protein in the ligand-independent activation domain, the activity of which is potentiated through phosphorylation by insulin.
