To summarize, to substitute knowledge of the underlying mechanisms affected by an intervention, and thereby knowledge of the patients most likely to benefit from the intervention, by integrating studies with insufficient characterization of treatment and subjects into a meta-analysis will not expand knowledge.
Managers and officials, they went on, "must break this cycle of smugness substituting for knowledge".
Hence, citizens should not seek to substitute their knowledge for that of a potentially more knowledgeable Elite but direct their energy at revisions of social and institutional mechanisms that enhance the Elites' accountability.
"You substitute producer knowledge for blindly using inputs," Davis says.
An even more alarming consequence is that mandatory "say on pay" votes may be forcing boards and compensation committees to substitute their knowledge of the company for the perceived wisdom of proxy advisers' guidelines.
To overcome this barrier a computer aided method is required to substitute expert knowledge in the process.
Obviously, don't substitute your knowledge for your sibling's need to learn (namely, don't tell your siblings all the answers) but do spend time prompting your sibling to think about a problem or solution with his or her own thinking.
This devolution has happened through the gigantic machinery of publicity, substituting propaganda and entertainment for knowledge, and ideology for a sense of history.
Relational thinking relies on such strategies as transforming, substituting, and applying knowledge of number properties flexibly in a variety of contexts [9, 10, 44].
Within a decade, we will feel the same kind of resistance if we try to substitute information for knowledge, because knowledge will have superseded information just as information has now superseded data.
The titular wealth they speak of comes from substituting "ever-more-refined knowledge for the traditional factors of industrial production — land, labor and capital".
