Cultured skin substitutes provide earlier skin closure and satisfying functional result.
Tissue-engineered skin substitutes provided a feasibility to overcome the shortage of skin autograft by culturing keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in vitro.
Temporary skin substitutes provide immediate physiological conditions for the wound closure, including protection from mechanical trauma, physical barrier to bacteria and creation of a moist wound environment (Sheridan and Moreno 2001).
That the goal was created by two substitutes provided the final reminder of the depth and talent of Germany.
Synthetic bone substitutes provide a ready and plentiful supply of material and injectable versions optimize the filling of irregular bone defects.
All subgroups with respective volume substitutes provided similar values of BW (in kilograms), hemodynamics, and blood composition tested (data are not shown separated into subgroups).
Specialized substitutes provide services in disciplines such as surgery, ophthalmology, orthopedics, radiology, dermatology, anesthesiology and dentistry, demonstrating a general bias of use for clinical services.
Systematic reviews [ 8, 9] reported that the treatment of deep intrabony defects with alloplastic grafts, which are synthetic, inorganic, biocompatible bone graft substitutes, provided additional gain of clinical attachment level (CAL) and additional probing pocket depths (PPD) reductions compared to open flap debridement alone.
We need to see the whole package to be sure that whatever is substituted provides as much involvement".
Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the subperiosteal tunneling technique in combination with an in situ hardening alloplastic bone graft substitute provides predictable lateral ridge augmentation for implant placement in atrophic ridges while reducing the invasiveness of the procedure.
