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Tissue engineered substitutes consisting of cells in biocompatible materials undergo remodeling with time as a result of cell growth and death processes.
Cultured skin substitutes, consisting of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a biopolymer matrix, are an adjunctive treatment for full thickness burn wounds.
However, the main focus in research and clinical application lies on substitutes consisting of the dermal and epidermal layer [ 2– 4] whereas the development of a subcutaneous replacement (hypodermis) is often disregarded.
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These human skin substitutes consist of a dermis and a stratified epidermis (stratum corneum and living epidermis).
However, it is desirable to cover major burn wounds early in a single step by a skin substitute consisting of a dermal equivalent seeded in vitro with autologous keratinocytes ('composite-skin') out of which a full thickness skin develops in vivo.
Aim of the present study was to generate a three-layered skin substitute consisting of an epidermal, dermal, and a hypodermal tissue layer.
We have previously presented good short-term results of the use of BoneSave, a biphasic porous ceramic bone graft substitute, consisting of sintered 80% tricalcium phosphate and 20% hydroxyapatite, in a 50 50 mix with femoral head allograft.
Dermagraft is a skin substitute consisting of allogeneic cells, an extracellular matrix, and a bioabsorbable mesh scaffold that is indicated to help improve closure of diabetic foot ulcers [ 45].
Cultured skin substitutes (CSS), consisting of autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes on a biopolymer sponge, have been successfully used to treat full-thickness burns.
Hydroxyapatite (HA -based bone substitute materials and bone substitute materials consisting of HA -basedta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were used.
This "ready-to-use" injectable bone substitute is consisting of an aqueous HPMC solution as matrix and calcium phosphate particles as fillers.
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