This suggests that under SPI-2 inducing conditions in S. Typhimurium, other factors can substitute for loss of ssrAB in cloned SPI-2 expression.
All three can functionally substitute for loss of their yeast orthologues in S. cerevisiae.
Thus, sucrose affects branching during trichome differentiation and can partially substitute for loss of CAF-1.
This translocation is necessary to substitute for loss of GDAP1 expression.
In a complementary approach using a loss of function phenotype, we show here that overexpression of HtrA2 can partially substitute for loss of PINK1.
Our results suggest that complex agroforests are generally a temporary, interim solution for mitigating and substituting for loss of natural forests.
Moreover, the hypothesis of Thorstensen and Lothe [ 12] that GSK-3α may substitute for loss of GSK-3β in tumour tissue is in agreement with our findings.
In add-back experiments, however, we found that overexpression of Smad3 could substitute for loss of Smad2, and vice versa, in restoring the invasion response.
To date, there is no published mouse LTK knockout to suggest a role for this RTK In vivo, and therefore the question of whether or not LTK might substitute for loss of ALK must await future investigation.
Of the three TFs, only Ets21c can efficiently substitute for loss of polarity and cooperate with RasV12 in inducing malignant clones that, like ras V12scrib tumors, invade other tissues and overexpress MMP1 and the Drosophila insulin-like peptide 8 (Dilp8).
Due to their defective ATPase activity, these mutants cannot substitute for loss of Kar2p but they complement yeast bearing a C63A mutant, which cannot be modified in response to hyper-oxidation of the ER by ERO1*, as well as wild-type Kar2.
