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However, stainless steel has awful performance in friction contacts, and this material cannot be suggested as a substitute solution to hard chromium coating for applications where the wear resistance is an important issue.
Firstly, if we substitute solution (7) into Eq. (6), then we obtain the second order IODE given in (8).
A substitute solution is that R1 and R2 exchange their carried data as shown in Fig. 1b.
Failure to achieve success rested with the lack of scientific knowledge about blood; furthermore, the technology needed to create a useful blood substitute solution was lacking.
As previously described, cells were rinsed twice with PBS and solubilized in lysis buffer (150 mM sodium chloride; 50 mM Tris hydrochloride, pH 7.5; 1% glycerol; 1% Nonidet P-40 substitute solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Inc., St . Louis MO, USA)).
Prior to use, blood was diluted to a haematocrit of 25% with bicarbonate-buffered oxypolygelatine (55 g l−1, Gelifundol, Biotest Pharma, Dreieich, Germany), an isotonic colloidal blood plasma substitute solution which is used in the clinical setting.
Similar(53)
Where demand would have existed, substitute solutions have been favored because (2) they were earlier on the market, (3) they have relative advantage due to some design choices of HIP, (4) HIP lacks early adopter benefits necessitating costly coordination among multiple stakeholders in public deployment scenarios, and (5) people have misconceptions about the deployability of HIP.
Moreover, in selecting the set of cooperating BSs at each iteration we attempt to add (or substitute) solutions having a lower efficiency.
Compute (varvec{s}) by Eq. (58) and then (varvec{t}) by Eq. (28) and lastly translation ({mathbf{t}}) Eq. (26) Step 5 Compute (varvec{e}_{i}) first by substituting solution of (varvec{r}), (varvec{s}), (lambda) into Eq. (32) and then compute (e) by Eq. (33).
A plasma-substituting solution supplemented with one of the new inhibitors prevented hypercoagulation in the rat model of hemodilution-induced hypercoagulation.
Blood loss (23.0±4.5% of estimated blood volume) and hemodilution with plasma-substituting solution (PSS) were simulated by fast blood sampling (4.5 ml during approximately 1 min) and bolus administration of an equal volume of either normal saline (control group) or normal saline supplemented with 2 µM of the thrombin inhibitor (experimental group).
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