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But it does not prepare a substitute return for everyone that it believes failed to file.
The agency sought tax on that amount on a substitute return, having no way to know that the client earned almost no profit on the sale.
A taxpayer prompted to action by a substitute return can file the return that he or she should have filed in the first place, and "the I.R.S. will adjust the taxpayer's account accordingly," Mr. Burke said.
The substitute return is its move of last resort, said Anthony Burke, an I.R.S. spokesman, and is prepared only after sending the taxpayer several letters saying it has no record of a return for a given year.
In a fact sheet in what it calls the "tax gap" series on its Web site, the I.R.S. warns that a substitute return it prepares is a "basic" one that "will not include any of your additional exemptions or expenses".
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Substitute returns are really no substitute for ones that taxpayers could have filed themselves.
Edson Buddle, another second-half substitute returning from injury, also looked healthy.
For many years the IRS has had authority to prepare substitute returns for non-filers, finding about 100,000 each year, but the old method consumed a considerable amount of staff time.
L. 115 84, § 2(b)(2), substituted "return a payment that was made pursuant to an" for "change an" and struck out before period at end "on or after the date on which a payment is made in accordance with such election or, in the case of an election to receive an annuity, the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity elected by the former employee or Member".
Substitute-return calculations "are always based on a standard deduction," Mr. Block said.
Moreover, investors are assumed to differ in their willingness to substitute mean return for variance of return.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com