We have previously hypothesized that obsessive-compulsive (OC) tendencies are associated with a general lack of subjective conviction regarding internal states, which leads to compensatory seeking of and reliance on more discernible substitutes (proxies) for these states (Lazarov, A., Dar, R., Oded, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010).
At the very least, parent proxy-report should be included to complement pediatric patient self-report as a secondary outcome measure, not to serve as a convenient substitute or proxy for pediatric patient PROs in pediatric clinical trials.
Taken together, the evidence is quite compelling that parent proxy-report of child HRQOL, across the age subgroups reported herein, should be included to complement pediatric patient self-report as a secondary outcome measure, not to serve as a convenient substitute or proxy for pediatric patient PROs in pediatric clinical trials.
If unable to make a substituted judgment, proxies are asked to decide on the basis of the patient's best interests.
According with this conceptualization of the nursing home as a substitute of family, proxy informants demanded more participation in the decision-making about the care of their relatives.
Although some studies have discussed the use of proxy substitutes to assess patient concerns and beliefs [ 35, 36], there remains no real substitute for the patient's own words.
Yet given how poorly these proxies substitute for actual car sales, most automotive advertisers cannot quantify the exact contribution of their media touchpoints to actual car purchases.
(1694, p. 328) Le Grand's solution to the problem of how ideas represent their objects employed the notion of substitution or 'supplying a stead' wherein the cause (the object) contains all the properties found in the effect (the idea) not actually but in virtue of its ability to supply the substitute properties or proxies.
As a result, if the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.8, we were inclined to conclude that the measure was a good proxy or substitute for the well-established standard which was DRGCMI in this instance.
The fundamental problem with the rankings is that they substitute a slew of proxies for what really matters -- students' own reflections on their experiences and their prospects for a rewarding life after graduation.
