Possibly, up-regulation of substituting pathways during pregnancy may balance out lower activity of MTHFR among carriers of the variant allele.
The finding that the generation of pentoses was decoupled from NADPH generation led to the suggestion that a substitute metabolic pathway may be responsible for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis PDAC.
Interestingly, recent findings suggest that alternative pathways could substitute for well-established pathways when disrupted, suggesting that constitutive heterochromatin harbors much more plasticity than previously assumed.
Chang found two new enzyme versions in published sequences of microbial genomes, and based on her understanding of the enzyme pathway, substituted the new versions at critical points that would not interfere with the hundreds of other chemical reactions going on in a living E. coli cell.
We interrogated the combined impact of all the genes involved in the pathway, substituting the entire given microarray data simultaneously to track the fluxes for starch and maltose production during the day.
First, we confirm that mutations in genes encoding proteins located within the same functional pathway may substitute for each other with respect to drug sensitivity, revealing for the first time a functional pathway critical to chemotherapy response in vivo.
Similarly, JA production/signaling could substitute for the SA pathway when SA accumulation was impaired.
In cells transfected with this receptor tyrosine kinase, treatment with its ligand, CSF1, induced normal morphogenesis, suggesting that the CSF-1/CSF-1R pathway can substitute for the interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGFR in promoting morphogenesis.
Thus, to define the robustness of a specific biological outcome requires understanding for a cell type the degree to which several alternative signalling pathways can substitute for each other to execute qualitatively distinct RTK-driven responses, and distinguishing permissive from non-permissive pathways.
Hence, G12/13 pathways can substitute for integrin-mediated signaling by probably activating similar effector molecules.
