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Because chlorination of potable surface waters may be associated with increased risk of carcinogenicity, substitute methods for the routine disinfection of public water supplies are being explored.
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Cook et al. noted that a noninvasive, substitute method for replacing the arterial input function is very desirable [ 26].
Estimated GFR (eGFR) from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study reflecting serum creatinine (sCr) level, age, gender and ethnicity seems to be the most frequently advocated substitute method for measured GFR [ 3, 8].
For overcoming this problem, ANN can be used as a proper substitute method for response estimation.
Moreover saliva Lewis phenotyping through the hemagglutination inhibition test seems to be able to be used as a simple substituting method for determining the Lewis phenotype by the inference from Lewis and Secretor genotypes.
It is premature to conclude that MIDAS should substitute manual methods for diagnosis or screening for CMBs in clinical practice.
In conclusion, we have developed a new, simple and solvent free method for the synthesis of substituted chalcones using iodine-alumina.
A new method for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles 111 based on an intermolecular hydroamination process has recently been reported.
We therefore developed a salt metathesis route as a novel and convenient method for the generation of substituted phosphanylboranes stabilized only by a Lewis base (Scheme 1).
HC, when combined with alkaline pretreatment, was found to be a cost-effective substitute to conventional methods for WAS pretreatment.
In any case, it is clear that much more work is needed to ensure the reliability of the technique before authorizing its use by courts, certainly not as a substitute for current methods for dangerousness assessment, but maybe as an additional, complementary tool.
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