Textbooks sat in warehouses, and there was no copier for printing substitute materials.
Thus, PLA/HA composites have been proposed to be good candidates for bone substitute materials.
To do it, the couple paid extra, took more time and wrangled with their contractor, who pushed for substitute materials.
Supporters say these substitute materials are stronger, cheaper and easier to maintain than original parts, and thus, paradoxically, encourage preservation.
Bone substitute materials can induce bone formation in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).
Reproducibility and comparability are prerequisites in testing bone substitute materials in an animal study.
The Mg-, Zn- and Sr-doped HMMBG scaffolds may be used as bone substitute materials.
CaP powders produced via DCS are a source of biologically active, synthetic, bone graft substitute materials.
Calcium-phosphate ceramics, in particular hydroxyapatite are well established substitute materials for orthopaedic and dental applications.
There is an ingoing need for more effective and less costly bone substitute materials.
In most of these applications there are no suitable substitute materials, especially if loss of performance is to be avoided.
