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While SPME is often described for the measurement of freely dissolved concentrations, different manual approaches are used to extract analytes from water, soils, or sediments for in situ measurements or as a substitute for test organisms.
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Trust is not a substitute for testing.
Sometimes, however, there is no substitute for testing skills in a real-life scenario and, as with adaptive testing, there may be too few subject experts to create tests in niche areas.
Three shapes of samples, with flat, 30 mm radius and 60 mm radius surfaces, were manufactured from foam bone substitute for testing.
But asking a question on those long-form surveys isn't a substitute for testing the effect of the question on the actual decennial form.
Both Farsalinos and Ackerman are optimistic that the use of flavorings with diacetyl has declined since the publication of the study, but they also agreed that there is no substitute for testing.
Both Farsalinos and Ackerman are optimistic that the use of flavourings with diacetyl has declined since the publication of the study, but they also agreed that there is no substitute for testing.
Barbara Anderson, a sociology professor at the University of Michigan and chair of CSAC, questioned how one could say that asking about citizenship on the ACS was an adequate substitute for testing it on the decennial census.
It has been reported that permutation based estimates could be a poor substitute for testing a classier on an independent set of real gene expression data.
In a six-page decision rejecting a request from alternative schools for exemption from the Regents exams, Mr. Mills said that the schools could not be excused because advocates had failed to present evidence that portfolios were a valid substitute for the test.
It is important to note that simplified methods of testing anchorage systems independently are certainly not a substitute for representative tests involving full FRP strengthening systems.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com