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Demand-side programs should not be seen as a 'quick-fix' substitute for supply-side interventions.
Other studies have evaluated the possible role of renewable energy—such as solar as a substitute for grid supplied electricity [17, 18].
The best opportunities for creating new marketplaces (or reshaping old ones) via mobile will be in markets where supply is inherently constrained and there are no viable (similarly priced) substitutes for that supply.
While traffic control may help, it is not a substitute for adequate provision of transportation supply.
It may be that greater levels of intensive outpatient services might have been provided as local substitutes for bed supply, and that such services resulted in lower admission rates.
From a new report by the Resolution Foundation: There is an urgent need to increase the supply of housing in the UK to address the growing affordability problems faced by low to middle income families...Market rent is no substitute for an adequate supply of social and affordable housing, but it could play a greater and more positive role in addressing the UK's acute housing needs..
There is no substitute for the comfort supplied by the utterly taken-for-granted relationship.
Products such as these have the potential to add value to unprocessed green coconut husks, and to substitute for dwindling timber supplies and, ultimately, to reduce deforestation.
The earliest plastics were invented as substitutes for dwindling supplies of natural materials like ivory or tortoiseshell.
In the early 16th century, Spaniards began to import African slaves as a substitute for the drastically reduced supply of Indian labourers.
But generators are no substitute for a reliable electricity supply.
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