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There is recognition, too, that for the foreseeable future Asian regional organizations cannot be a substitute for global ones.
But these are a poor substitute for global deals reached through the WTO; indeed they may distort markets in much the same way as national protectionism.
These are already proliferating (see chart): just about every one of the WTO's 149 members is a party to a regional trade agreement of some sort.But these smaller agreements are a poor substitute for global progress.
No doubt trade deals would still be made, but they would be bilateral and regional in scope, like the proposed Free-Trade Area of the Americas or the web of bilateral deals that is being woven in Asia.Whatever the merits of regionalism, it is no substitute for global trade talks.
Furthermore, quantifying LINE-1 promoter methylation densities have been shown to be a reliable substitute for global methylation assays [31].
LINE-1 bisulphite Pyrosequencing analysis has been shown to be an efficient substitute for global methylation assays [31], and our data thus suggests that parathyroid tumours display comparable methylation levels globally as normal parathyroid cells.
Similar(54)
Small groups of user testers for a website are never a substitute for a global audience.
Limited funds and the weakness in the carbon market mean the green bank is not a substitute for aggressive global emissions cuts.
There is no substitute for gaining global viewpoints in your work and in your life.
Ultimately, neither capital controls nor reserve accumulation are substitutes for comprehensive global financial reform.
But if one scratches the surface of a set of beliefs among some far-left people, an analogous logic is at work, particularly if one substitutes government power for global corporate power.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com