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In general, there is no substitute for experiment.
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MIT researchers explain their new visualization system that can project a robot's "thoughts". While the system will not serve as a substitute for experiments and validation in the real environment, says Alberto Speranzon, staff research scientist at United Technologies Research Center, he says testing autonomous systems in virtual environments could ready such designs for outdoor testing.
This framework represents a suitable substitute for realistic experiments and therefore can be used in design of different virtual experiments.
Wishful thinking is no substitute for data, experiments, or observables.
Although the extrapolation of the scientific conclusions from one species to another is logical given the overwhelming similarity in the molecular composition, expression distribution, and physiological properties of the NMDA receptors ranging from mice to rats and from monkeys to humans, it should not serve as a complete substitute for actual experiments.
The chicken CAM assay serves as an excellent substitute for animal experiments (Flecknell, 2002) and represents an in vivo immunodeficient model where cells can form three-dimensional tumours with a complex vascular network (Kunzi-Rapp et al, 2001).
A thought experiment is no substitute for a real experiment, he claimed, and should be forbidden in science, including science education.
Most Literary Darwinists and many cognitive literary critics take this approach,5 and the cognitive psychologist Keith Oatley has even employed it recently as a substitute for direct scientific experiment.
I don't have it in front of me, but in his book on the German hyperinflation Frank Graham said roughly this: "Disorder is, for the social sciences, the sole substitute for the controlled experiments of the natural sciences".
Despite the lower level of external validity, laboratory studies can be a valuable substitute for randomized field experiments and provide insightful new angles to research topics inaccessible through "traditional" empirical methods.
These results are consistent with the fact that the mutant PIK3CA in HCT116 did not functionally substitute for KRAS in experiments where KRAS was silenced, both in vitro and in vivo (Figure 1B and 1F).
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