A substitute field in Ecuador can operate only in daytime.
While bioassays can provide a useful indication of treatment efficacy, in some cases, they have also been shown to differ significantly from field based analyses and are therefore no substitute for field based results (Shearer et al. [2012]).
On substitution, Field's report notes: "We did not pick up from our evidence a great need or want among riders to use substitutes to cover their orders and Deliveroo was unable to tell us how many riders use substitutes".
An alternative, says Abrams, is to substitute Near Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI) for RF.
Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L). as an annual medicinal herb may be considered as an economic substitute for field crops irrigated with fresh water since it has adaptability to wide range of climate and soil.
For symmetrically distributed traits with moderate or high heritability, the genomic predictions could substitute expensive field phenotyping to cull the poorest individuals with moderate intensity of selection.
Such low h N 2 values, and the long and expensive selection cycles, emphasize the practical importance of exploring selection procedures for higher biomass yield that use marker information as a partial substitute for field-based selection [ 5].
This paper presents a novel approach to estimate wind uplift resistance when components are substituted during field application.
It is also obvious that plants grown in climate chamber under LD are better substitutes for field-grown plants than plants grown under SD--which is typically used for photosynthetic studies--although plants grown indoors under LD were still more similar in terms of photosynthetic characteristics to SD plants than to field-grown specimens (Table 3).
To model such shapes, we develop and report an improved generalized shell element called 4EAS-FS through a combination of enhanced assumed strain and the substitute shear strain fields.
