The process of substituting elements for the silicon (in this example) is called doping, while the elements are referred to as dopants.
No fluorine, sulfur, or any other possibly substituting elements were detected.
A tentative list of the most appropriate substituting elements for given lone-pair cations is presented.
Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis shows that the substituting elements tend to reduce the thickness of the passivation films.
The discharge capacity of alloy ranges from 342.97 to 380.68 mAh g−1 depending on the sort and content of substituting elements.
When a part of the nickel was substituted by foreign metals, both the unit cell volume and the −ΔH value increased with the increasing ingredient radius of the substituted elements.
Based on the experimental results, the effect of substituting elements addition on the glass-forming ability of Ti Zr Be alloys has been systematically investigated and an empirical composition design method for the development of novel Ti-based BMGs with large GFA has been proposed.
It was observed that, under catalytic conditions (C3 O2 He=2:1:2, flow rate 15 cm3 min−12 12 h on stream), the catalysts were stable, with only a small part of the substituted elements (V and/or M) being extracted from the Keggin anion during the reaction.
During the workshop that will take place on 2-3 September, international experts in breastfeeding and child nutrition will also familiarize participants with the International Code on Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, elements of which are incorporated into the recently adopted national law.
Both the individual effects of each substituting element and their interaction in alloys were studied systemically.
