Museum officials had been puzzled by a portion of the inscription of the sarcophagus, a coffin probably used by the Egyptians to act as a substitute body and repository for the soul in case the real body was damaged.
How much easier to disappear when, as in Marlowe's case, no-one comes looking: a substitute body, convincing witnesses, an official inquest.
These images are obviously careful portraits, but whether they had some magical use as substitute bodies or are only commemorative is unknown.
The RMS misfits increase with the elevation of the substitute bodies, except in region X4 where there was no significant increase of the RMS misfit, suggesting that region X4 has little sensitivity.
Eighty years later, in the medical room at Halley, the British Antarctic base on the Caird Coast, Gavin Francis finds ample stock of the modern substitutes – body bags and intramuscular injections of antipsychotics (Empire Antarctica: Ice, Silence & Emperor Penguins, Chatto & Windus, £16.99).
After substituting body weight with BMI, the results did not change (data not shown).
Finally, we re-examined all associations with further adjustment for aerobic fitness, and also substituted body fat percentage by waist circumference as a confounding factor; the results remained unchanged (data not shown).
"It became a substitute for body makeup," she said.
Still, performance charts are no substitute for body language and eye contact, said James Normandin, the vice president of the Memorial Medical Center Foundation in Long Beach, Calif.
At Modern Art Oxford, Regina José Galindo also seems involved in a furious battle, substituting her body for the bodies of those who are abused, tortured or weakened in her home country of Guatemala.
While the prosecution of the actual Madame Restell was halted by her suicide in 1878, in this colorful re-imagining Axie fakes her death by substituting the body of one of her patients.
