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Within the first 12 months after September 11, the male hourly wage and weekly wage effects are negative, significant, and substantively large (9 - 11%).
The Other (Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran) differential is -0.139 log points for 2000 and -0.429 log points for 2002, a statistically significant and substantively large decline of 0.290 log points.
We note however that for males Table 4 shows that there are significant and substantively large negative income penalties or an insignificant effect for all Indigenous language family-groups.
A one percentage point increase in hate crimes encourages a substantively large and statistically significant increase in the relative risk of Arab and Islamic Americans selecting a black identity.
Economists have long known that racial identity, whether self-selected or assigned, is a statistically significant and substantively large explanatory variable for a wide variety of social and economic outcomes.
Black immigrant cohort effects for 1965 1969 and 1970 1974 are positive, statistically significant, and substantively large relative to 1975 1979 immigrants (Borjas, 1985).2 Borjas takes this as evidence of lower relative skill among late 1970s black immigrants.
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The importance of these significant interactions is shown by the magnitude of the effect sizes which are substantively larger than their main effects (Tables 7 & 8).
Mnuchin's investment in IndyMac, which was later renamed OneWest Bank, is substantively a larger issue.
Substantively, the estimates reveal a large difference in impacts between men and women and, not unrelated, estimates for women large enough to cast doubt on the validity of our identification strategy.
The presidential campaign came to New York, notably in the form of the Republican national convention, but that wasn't enough to prod the major candidates to discuss substantively the problems of America's large cities.
However, revenue increases were largely ruled out by the Ontario government which, since the beginning of the crisis, has stated that it will not increase taxes; and this despite corporate and individual taxes, especially for high-income earners and large corporation, having decreased substantively over the past 30 years.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com