But this is more than made up for by its considerable substantive virtues: it is straightforward, accessible and sensible, free of the ideological cant and posturing that often mar even serious academic studies of racial issues.
In the end, Weber's ethical project is not about formal analysis of moral maxims, nor is it about substantive virtues that reflect some kind of ontic telos.
Loyalty, like sincerity, conscientiousness, and courage, is better seen as an executive than as a substantive virtue.
"This is a campaign based upon Mrs. Dole's character, personality and virtues rather than substantive issues," Andrew Tyler, a political science professor at North Carolina State University, said.
The idea is that these substantive judgments are aesthetic in virtue of a special close relation to verdictive judgments of taste, which are subjectively universal.
He acts irrationally in virtue of violating this substantive principle, obedience to which is a necessary condition for rationality.
Why should we treat inferences that are truth-preserving in virtue of their LF structures and functional words differently from those that are truth-preserving in virtue of their LF structures and substantive words?
Burke, Wollstonecraft maintains, describes womanly virtue as weakness, thus leaving women no substantive roles in the public sphere and relegating them to uselessness.
The second part of public reason, at least as presented by Rawls in Political Liberalism, are guidelines of inquiry which include principles of reasoning and rules of evidence to determine how substantive principles are to be applied, as well as important civic virtues such as reasonableness and civility (Rawls 1996, 224).
Within arms' length expresses that there is a controlling, underlying public authority, by virtue of ownership (shares), right of appointment of governors, substantive (50 + %) funding, binding policy guidelines, and/or ex ante supervision - as opposed to a private organization being positioned independently, at arms' length; outside of government control.
By virtue of greater experience, mastery of detail, and organizational and substantive knowledge, professional bureaucrats may exercise strong influence over decisions made by their leaders.
