What we have said suggests that the normal (APA) meaning of the "substantial evidence" terminology connotes a substantive standard no different from the arbitrary or capricious test.
However, there are more substantive issues at stake than disagreements over terminology.
No substantive issues are prejudged by this choice of terminology.
Justice Kagan's logic in the Court's opinion, as well as Chief Justice John Roberts' reasoning in his concurrence, reveals that the use of incorrect terminology is a symptom of serious substantive confusion.
Alternatively, one might identify the logical constants with members of functional categories (including tense, complementizers, auxiliaries, determiners, and pronouns), and the nonlogical constants with members of substantive categories (including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions) (for this terminology, see Chomsky 1995, 6, 54 and Radford 2004, 41).
Reassuringly, although there were differences in the precision of the terminology employed in the four previous national and international curricula identified, there were no substantive differences between the subject areas covered in the AGS, ANZSGM, BGS and IAGG curricula [ 15].
Strictly speaking, the Corporation Tax Act 2010 replaces the historic terminology "Schedule A", "Schedule D Case I" etc. with more descriptive terms but this does not affect the substantive application of the schedular system so that, for example, different rules apply for utilising tax losses depending upon the nature of the income under which the losses arises.
There are substantive issues.
Two substantive conclusions follow.
