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The three activities listed below (the call for abstracts, the online survey, and the August 2013 Change meeting) represent an attempt to capture a substantive sample of postconference activities.
In addition, substantive sample majorities in both sites (74% in Rio and 88% in Salvador; data not shown) indicated that they would utilize a special facility with services designed and targeted specifically for drug users if available.
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As well, although we were able to recruit a substantive study sample it is possible that those who did not participate varied in important ways, for example may have been more distressed or less health literate.
In addition to these substantive concerns, the sample sizes of the data sets are also a consideration.
A random-effects model assumes that variation across units (municipalities in this case) is random (as if drawn from a sample) and of substantive interest.
Finally, we wish to stress the importance of not drawing substantive conclusions from the small sample that participated in this research, and the corresponding small number of TBA's about whom opinions were sought.
The participants of non-Australian ethnic groups born elsewhere (ie, not Australia or their ethnic-country of origin) were omitted from the sample (n=33 574) for substantive and practical reasons.
In fact, the only substantive and significant difference between the sample and the university population was that the sample had more sophomores than the population (z = 4.04, p < 0.001).
Future research is needed to determine whether these slight differences are substantive or just results of sampling idiosyncracies.
In both instances excluding schools that seemed extreme on our outcome or potentially influential due to small sample size there was no substantive difference in our models.
We first present distributions of study variables and bivariate comparisons of baseline BMI, mean 3-year change in BMI, and substantive BMI loss or gain by sample characteristics.
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