While we do not test for statistical significance, the key differences observed among the study populations are very large, allowing substantive inferences to be drawn.
Results from these analyses yielded identical substantive inferences, indicating that income level, living situations, and number of days until the partner was released did not modify the relationships presented above.
Finally, the absence of analysis for episodic and thematic articles prevents us from making explicit inferences regarding the substantive nature of the debates, however our discussion was informed through an estimate of op-eds and letters analyzed in our data pool.
By way of contrast, substantive assumptions are required to draw inferences in other cases.
In particular, if analyses are meant to provide concrete policy advice we must be especially wary that substantive findings do not arise from biased inference.
Thus, co-occurrence of conjunction with discontinuity may demand an even more substantive updating process to reconcile the structural revision and/or spatial inference with the semantic incongruity.
Results are discussed in substantive and methodological terms, focusing particularly on possible threats to valid causal inference, such as omitted variables that are not time invariant.
The criterion was that the reviewer felt the bias was substantive, i.e., potentially resulting in a meaningful difference in the inference.
By inference, this should also be a reasonable gauge of a substantive difference in score over time.
However, they do have methodological significance insofar as substantive empirical assumptions are required to identify salient partitions for making inferences from statistical and probability relationships.
