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Many naturalists go beyond methodological naturalism, however, and embrace a substantive doctrine.
Perhaps the only area of Anglo-American philosophy where a substantive doctrine of Cohen's is still respected is Kant interpretation.
The contribution of those generations was largely restricted to the importation of foreign thought; originality in substantive doctrine was rarely achieved.
It is important to note that, to the extent to which any moral stance will commend a certain set of actions or intentions deemed morally worthy, and condemn others as being reprehensible, the "clean hands" criticism is so malleable as to apply to nearly any substantive doctrine.
On the face of it, the text is quite conservatively Aristotelian, its rubrics following the traditional course of topics covered in the Organon, and in the same order; for all that, the substantive doctrine seems on the whole to be pristine Avicennan, precisely the doctrine Tûsî defended against Râzî, Khûnajî, Abharî and Kâtibî.
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So Mill rejects the substantive doctrines of psychological egoism and hedonism that Bentham and his father sometimes defended or suggested.
More generally, although twentieth-century history and philosophy of science did not always take seriously Cohen's substantive doctrines, it was nevertheless affected profoundly by his vision of philosophy as the reconstruction of historical developments in mathematically-precise natural science.
In Jewish religious thought, Cohen's influence is highly visible, and substantive doctrines he developed in the Ethics of Pure Will and the Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism are still topics of debate.
Here one must assume that when he says "trivially true," he is using the term in the vernacular sense of "platitudinous" rather than the philosophical sense of "tautologous," since he goes on to derive a number of very substantive doctrines from his commitment to methodological individualism.
This translation is offered as an aid to learning the original notation, which itself is a subject of scholarly dispute, and embodies substantive logical doctrines so that it cannot simply be replaced by contemporary symbolism.
Several such memorandums suggested a friendly attitude toward the view that the Constitution contains unwritten rights protecting personal liberty — the so-called substantive due process doctrine that formed the basis of several famous liberal rulings, like a 1973 decision striking down abortion bans.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com