Disentangling this research question is fraught with substantive methodological difficulties.
The commentary, sometimes referred to as kuntros (literally, "notebook"), resembles a living tutor; it explains the text in its entirety, guides the student in methodological and substantive matters, resolves linguistic difficulties, and indicates the normative conclusions of the discussion.
Which is why resilience - the ability to bounce back quickly from difficulties - is of substantive career value.
Yet, it is rarely adopted in substantive research, perhaps because of the difficulties in computation.
With EFA, such items may lead to over-extraction of artificial difficulty factors that have no substantive meaning.
The seconded staff now confronted difficulties in returning to their former substantive positions, because of politically driven structural changes in the MoH following the appointment of a new Minister.
Only two items had increased in difficulty by what was considered a substantive, though arbitrary, amount (>5%) upon reduction to three options.
Over 20 years, Ghana has shown that democracy can bring substantive gains to African countries – and, for all the difficulties, it should continue to do so.
Because this study and the Preston study used similar rat strains and found similar production results, we believe that the technical difficulties associated with our methods are not substantive.
They said Mr. Lynch was only asserting that the screening process was lax because he believed it would support his contention that without a substantive pay raise, the city would continue to face difficulty attracting qualified candidates.
