Sentence examples for substantive bias from inspiring English sources

It is also possible that there is substantive bias, even in the presence of a symmetrical funnel plot [ 53].

Because of the lower than anticipated response rate, we conducted two sets of analyses to address the potential for substantive bias in the survey results.

For example, for long-term follow-up of women and children, data may be included if follow-up was less than 80% provided that substantive bias between the groups was unlikely.

The power to detect DIF in the first postal questionnaire was also low, but we chose to examine this as anything showing DIF at this sample size would suggest substantive bias.

As discussed in our accompanying article, 12 for the 125 centres that did participate in the follow-up, it is implausible that there was substantive bias in the selection of families, as this process was conducted blind to the treatment allocation.

Studies analyzing such data, however, only very rarely consider the potentially substantive biases arising from how they are generated.

Thus, we expect that excluding the cases with missing data would not cause any substantive biases.

Although we observed substantive small study bias and therefore potential publication bias, the extent of this bias seemed similar across the two sets of trials.

When paired with the Ysec, however, neither driver produced any substantive sex ratio bias (offspring from XParisYsec sires: %♀ = 51.3 with a 95% CI of [49.9, 52.7] and offspring from XSRYsec sires: %♀ = 51.8 with a 95% CI of [50.3, 53.3]).

Only in the oldest age groups 45-499 years in women, 50-54 years in men) is there more than a 10% difference, thereby supporting our contention that the data demonstrate consistency in the way that marital data is operationalised in ACDIS, and that there is no evidence of substantive social desirability bias in reports of marriage in this population.

An analysis of substantive non-response bias was also performed by randomly selecting six BL questions (addressing behavioral, psychological, motivational, and health factors) and then using t-tests and chi-squared tests to compare responses from participants who submitted both BL and 6 M surveys to responses from participants who submitted a BL, but not a 6 M survey.