A key concern is therefore whether firms' reporting practices reflect substantive or symbolic behaviour, the latter often referred to as "green washing" (Delmas and Burbano, 2011).
39 Interventions derived from a substantive theory of behaviour change tend to be more effective than are those based on intuition.
An Israeli move on Syria might suit Obama, too, especially if Tuesday's unprecedented warm words from the Iranian president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, do not translate into the substantive changes in Iranian behaviour that the US wants.
As the discourse surrounding climate change and other wicked problems illustrates, this promotes technological solutions because they do not require substantive changes in human behaviours and underlying values systems.
Glaser [ 104] explained that "grounded theory has the purpose of generating concepts and their relationships that explain, account for, and interpret the variation in behaviour (sic) in substantive area under study" [ 19, 104].
Behavioural theory stresses the importance of defining context for behaviour precisely since the "substantive factors influencing one behaviour are often very different to those influencing another behaviour" and "the most effective interventions will be those directed at changing specific behaviours" [ 8].
For the most part, the idea of a 'vicious cycle' has been used post hoc to explain the relationship between dental fear and dental visiting behaviours without any substantive effort to explore the chain of relationships presupposed by the concept.
Overall, the results strongly support the susceptibility hypothesis; that is, they reveal antisocial behaviour to be a substantive cause of, or predisposing factor to, alcohol (mis)use, a pattern observed in most sub-groups.
As to the first, the substantive value that is realised by moral behaviour consists in a relation of "mutual recognition".
Thus, knowing the main biochemical contributors to resistance has not led to the development of tests that are predictive of tumour behaviour, nor has it led to substantive improvements in patient outcomes.
