The study by Kakimoto et al. [39] thereby highlights that it is of extreme importance to substantiate in vitro data for N-WASP autoinhibition release by N-WASP-binding proteins with studies in vivo and with examinations that address the functional cooperativity of N-WASP and a given N-WASP binding protein in physiological processes.
This idea that RB might be oncogenic in some contexts is substantiated by data in mice indicating that expression of a constitutively active form of RB in the mammary epithelium can promote cancer development (Jiang and Zacksenhaus, 2002).
A blood pressure-independent effect of dietary sodium on the kidney is substantiated by data in healthy volunteers, in which dietary sodium restriction reduces albuminuria within the normal range, without a detectable effect on blood pressure [ 10].
These data have been substantiated in neutrophils from children with recurrent pyogenic infections, especially by Streptocccus pneumoniae, caused by an inherited IRAK4 deficiency [ 23 ].
Although our data provide only weak evidence for a difference in frequencies at the population level, the number of deleterious mutation carriers was low and the results may yet be substantiated in a larger study using pooled data.
These preclinical data have been substantiated in a clinical setting: Ethiopian individuals with latent tuberculosis were found to have higher serum levels of IgA directed against the secreted Mtb antigens ESAT-6 and Rv2031c compared with patients with active tuberculosis [ 22].
Although the qualitative data collection in the paper by Malpass et al. was only over a period of nine months [ 28], its findings were substantiated by data in an associated quantitative paper that extended over twelve months [ 29].
Importantly, this cannot be directly substantiated in the current study as bed capacity data was not a collected variable.
The accuracy of the recall of this data is crucial but not substantiated in the paper.
There is also some indication, although not substantiated by data, that in areas where orangutans have not been hunted for a long time, such as the Kinabatangan area in Malaysian Borneo, they tend to be easier to see than in areas where hunting still occurs.
