However, unlike its mammalian and avian counterparts [6], [7], [17], the frog channel showed little or no basal activity at room temperature (25°C) and required substantially lower temperatures for activation at physiological membrane potentials (Fig. 3B).
Only a small group of patients could not remember when their last checkups had been and those patients appeared to score substantially lower on patient activation.
This was due to S5′s substantially lower background fluorescence before activation.
Although MEK inhibition resulted in the downregulation of NFAT activity in BRAF mutant melanoma cells, this effect was also evident in BRAF wild-type CHL-1 cells, although the absolute levels of NFAT activation were substantially lower.
Both CRY2/CIB and TULIPs showed higher dark-state pathway activation than control cells, although the dark-state activity was substantially lower for CRY2/CIB than for TULIPs.
In addition, CarD activation on each mutated promoter was substantially lower than on the wild type promoter, suggesting that the observed interaction between W86 and T−12 nt) contributes to CarD activity.
In line with a crucial role of CXCL13/CXCR5-mediated ERK1/2 activation for cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was substantially lower in CXCR5−/− mice compared to WT after AB.
At the same time the sensitivity to the parameters controlling transcriptional activation by free receptor dimers (k sr,b ) and receptor-hormone complexes (k sr ) became substantially lower.
Specifically, contractile RFD and rapid neural activation during various time windows, evoked peak twitch force, voluntary activation and normalized EMG activity, and V-wave responses, as well as maximal isometric strength were, in general, substantially lower on the paretic side.
The amount of IFN-γ produced in response to IL-12 plus IL-18 was substantially lower (48 fold) in comparison to the total amount produced by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 stimulation, and this activation-induced IFN-γ production was sensitive to cyclosporin A (Fig. 1A & S1).
