The new forecast points to similar developments in 2004, with employment growth around 91,000 new jobs a month, substantially less than the 150,000 or so needed to keep up with the growth in the work force.
And they would have done so with substantially less chance of revival.Of course it would have been better if Russian finances had not collapsed at all; if the economy had started growing durably; if living standards had risen as Mr Yeltsin promised they would do.
The heat of combustion for methanol, at 22.3 MJ/kg, is substantially less than gasoline, typically 44 MJ/kg, so a vehicle burning methanol would have a significantly lower range compared to gasoline.
But Houghton Mifflin is likely to sell for substantially less than Vivendi paid for it because so many media companies are squeezed for cash.
Military power rests substantially on the willingness to use it: perhaps less so in war than in peacetime as a means of leverage and coercion.
19 "When hybrids are moving slowly, five miles per hour, they are substantially less audible, and depending on background context, we feel dangerously so," Rosenblum says.
Chasing him down in the ratings, despite being on a substantially less popular channel, is Alan Carr – and that's why he remains so valuable to Channel 4 bosses.
So the long-run loss in value would be substantially less than the immediate impact.
"But there is so much information in this state, so much advertising, so much campaigning, such a very rich media environment, the impact of Iowa is substantially less than it is elsewhere".
Companies in France, with a rate double that of Ireland, enjoy so many exemptions and incentives that they end up paying substantially less tax than those in Ireland.
