In many bioinformatics applications, however, positive examples are substantially less abundant than negative examples, resulting in a highly imbalanced class ratio.
It is well documented that studies with non-significant or negative results are substantially less likely to be submitted for publication[ 2, 3].
The Obama team has not disclosed how much it has in the bank, though it is substantially less, mainly because it spent around $120m in negative adverts in swing states over the summer attempting to define Romney as elitist, uncaring businessman.
In Cu + Si and Cd + Si treatments, the negative effects of metal stress were substantially less, although the cortex cellular lamellae were broken at various places.
If VA-TP costs were used, the costs for screening with any of these tests would be substantially less than the cost of no screening, assuming either base case 10% false negative or DPP-false-negative costs, and GCT-pl would be the least expensive test (Table 2 and online appendix Figure A2).
In addition, the overall time in months of low-grade precursor lesion progression to secondary GBM was substantially less in cytoplasmic Survivin-positive cases than that of Survivin-negative cases.
There was definitely substantially less coverage of this event relative to the overabundance of coverage of the negative occurrences in the African American community.
Overall, MSMW are substantially less likely to disclose to casual partners compared to primary partners and to HIV negative and unknown partners compared to HIV positive partners.
Subgroup analyses, in which the strength or effect size of the association is compared between sample subgroups, have substantially less power to detect an association than the original intact sample, increasing the risk of false negative results.
Coming in last on the list of the hundred largest commuting zones in the country, by contrast, is Fayetteville, North Carolina, which has a place penalty of negative 17.8percentnthethe child of a poor person in that city will end up earning substantially less than he or she would otherwise have earned, simply by having been raised in Fayetteville.
