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Indeed, _2 cells presented substantially higher basal oxygen consumption, whereas the O2 utilization in _3 line was comparable to control cells).
One possible explanation might be defective Ca2+ homeostasis in FB1-treated Atgl /– macrophages as revealed by substantially higher basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels compared with Wt macrophages.
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The resulting structural change mimics phosphorylated BRAF and has an elevated basal kinase activity substantially higher than that for wild-type BRAF, causing constitutive activation of downstream signalling in the Ras Raf MEK extracellular ligand-regulated kinase pathway, which can lead to malignant transformation (Mansour et al, 1994).
Levels of superoxide are substantially higher in the dermal fibroblasts and basal keratinocytes than in the epidermal stem cells, as evidenced by the significant increase in fluorescence after treatment with Antimycin A. Antimycin A blocks electron transport at complex III, which results in a direct increase in superoxide.
One would therefore expect the basal mutation rate to be substantially higher than the substitution rate.
Alternatively, since the basal freezing rates in patDp/+ mice are substantially higher before stress conditioning, these unusual phenotypes could represent decreased locomotor activity and/or increased novelty-induced anxiety.
We measured basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and found that it was substantially higher in reset cells than in conventional PSC.
Further characterisation of basal sensitivity in the human MC1R variant female population has shown a substantially higher sensitivity to cold pain, both perception and tolerance, and a slightly lower tolerance of heat pain [21].
Costs are substantially higher today.
Or a substantially higher fine for littering.
But we see valuations moving substantially higher.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com