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such person has a firm belief that such circumstance exists or that such result is substantially certain to occur.
The word "intent" is used throughout the Restatement of this Subject to denote that the actor desires to cause the consequences of his act, or that he believes that the consequences are substantially certain to result from it.
Writing for a unanimous three-member appellate panel, Judge William Cousins Jr. said, "A reasonable trier of fact could find that the criminal misuse of guns killing persons were occurrences that defendants knew would result or were substantially certain to result from the defendants' alleged conduct".
The word "intent" refers "to the consequences of an act rather than the act itself" and "is limited, wherever it is used, to the consequences of the act". However, "intent" to cause particular consequences is not limited to those consequences which the actor "desires," but includes those which he knows are certain, or substantially certain, to result from his act.
The keyboard defect in the MacBook is substantially certain to manifest".
The "inducement to infringe" provision involves the situation where a company knowingly took steps that are substantially certain to result in direct infringement.
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Apoptosis may have reduced substantially certain mature ionocytes expressing specific cox3 isoform in HSW gill.
It was substantially certain that those users would carry on their infringing activity with a new service.
In fact, it does not matter whether a company intended such a result because, by law, if the company (e.g. the board) was substantially certain of the result, and continued on regardless, then intent will be ascribed by the court.
But it defeated a second proposal that would have let lawyers break confidentiality to prevent their clients from committing fraud reasonably certain to substantially injure the financial interests of another.
2) Your response to the suggestion to use dynamic clamp has been questioned: It may not be easy to implement dynamic clamp at these frequencies, and is not certain to substantially affect the data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com