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The dollar has weakened substantially against the euro over the last year.
In recent weeks, the euro has risen substantially against the dollar, to its highest levels in a year.
In both of those episodes, U.S. exports grew substantially against the backdrop of a brisk expansion in foreign activity and a stable or even slightly depreciating dollar.
South African gold companies had a brief respite from low prices in 2002, when gold prices rose to record highs and the rand depreciated substantially against the dollar.
Traders know that the pound will have to fall substantially against the euro if Britain is to make a success of joining it.
"A level of strong conservatism in his policy preferences will not work substantially against him if we're in the middle of a substantially robust economy," said Norman J. Ornstein, a political scientist at the American Enterprise Institute.
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Sterling is substantially stronger against both the dollar ($1.66 against $1.41) and the euro (€1.21 against €1.11) but of course, that is partly down to the fact that both the US and the euro zone have had very low rates as well.In short, this is a modest recovery by post-war standards and the biggest gainers have been equity investors.
For example, researchers studying the CCR5Δ32 mutation, which substantially protects against HIV infection, proposed that this mutation might have conferred similar protection against bubonic plague (the Black Death) in fourteenth-century Europe.
Binder accuracies are comparable and non-binder accuracies substantially improved against other results.
The record fails to show that the enforcement of the ordinance does or will substantially discriminate against the business of appellants.
The crystalline melting temperature (Tm) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) of dried Tetra-PEG gels obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were substantially constant against the polymer volume fraction at preparation (ϕ0).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com