There was significant unfairness, real or perceived.
Clearly, there is real unfairness in this.
(CO, dispensary, IDI) The shortcomings in distribution of information caused a substantial perception of unfairness, in particular pertaining to issues concerning allowances and promotion.
Another possible relevant point in the substantial expressions of unfairness is that the remuneration procedures pay less attention to long working experience and to the age and seniority of staff than is expected in this particular social and cultural context.
An unfairness claim requires (1) substantial injury to consumers, (2) injury that was not reasonably avoidable by consumers, and (3) that the injury was not outweighed by countervailing benefits to consumers or competition.
It is increasingly realized that substantial individual differences exist in behavioral reactions to perceived unfairness on the UG (see, e.g., Dunn, Makarova, Evans, & Clark, 2010b).
As a general comment, let us note that the considered architectures exhibit substantial differences, and any comparison is therefore necessarily affected by some sort of unfairness.
Personalization raises interesting challenges, however, including the varying quality of data sources, substantial loss of privacy―such as the constant tracking of one's car speed―and in some cases potential unfairness.
The independent panel heard evidence from all four and British Fencing before concluding: "There was no substantial failure to follow the process outlined in the selection policy for London 2012 which gave rise to any unfairness".
