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Cropping, particularly sugarcane, involves intensive fertiliser use and has created substantial soil erosion.
Substantial soil survey and acid sulfate soil data from multiple studies were consolidated, interpreted, and described in a regional and local context.
Based on this comparison, active restoration is likely to take place through small, low-priced parcels of land, usually in the context of substantial soil erosion risk and exacerbated deforestation.
Under conditions of low rainfall and low soil water content that are conducive to larger wildfires, any initial increase in post-fire streamflow due to reduced canopy cover may not occur or be detected because a substantial soil water deficit must first be removed before appreciable changes in streamflow will occur.
Severe soil loss that precedes agricultural collapse and land abandonment may impair the recovery of diverse and productive ecosystems for many hundreds to thousands of years, as this is the time required for the formation of a new, substantial soil mantle.
Most of the excavated terrace structures or features containing in situ cultural material were overlain by substantial soil deposits that had washed down or accumulated over many years.
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We conclude that the upper active layer of Tibetan alpine permafrost currently represents a substantial regional soil carbon sink in a warming climate, implying that carbon losses of deeper and older permafrost carbon might be offset by increases in upper-active-layer soil organic carbon stocks, which probably results from enhanced vegetation growth.
In order to ensure the smooth operation of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway in Shapotou region of China (southeast edge of the Tengger Desert), vegetation protecting system was established, and then substantial biological soil crusts (BSCs) gradually developed there, however so far little study has focused on the refined crust community types and their related ecological functions.
Nevertheless, because soils are naturally heterogeneous, substantial variation in soil resources remained even after soils were graded and homogenized (See Table 1).
Particularly, salinity resulting from natural disasters such as tsunamis often has an immediate impact on agricultural land due to a sudden substantial increase in soil salinity level.
Such events trigger substantial increases in soil CO2 efflux.
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