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During TMEV infection, neutralization of B7-H1 affecthethe production of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-2 from CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-2 from CD8+ T cells ex vivo and the substantial increase in production of these cytokines does lead to a substantial protective effect on TMEV-IDD development in the absence of B7-H1 signaling.
IPTc is a safe method of malaria control that has the potential to avert a significant proportion of clinical malaria episodes in areas with markedly seasonal malaria transmission and also appears to have a substantial protective effect against all-cause mortality.
In the present study, brimonidine exerted a substantial protective effect against axonal loss after TNF injection.
In particular both mAbs, administered 24 h prior to airborne challenges had a substantial protective effect (90 100%).
The authors found a substantial protective effect of tamoxifen on contralateral disease in BRCA1 carriers, with a reduction in odds of 62%.
A Norwegian study estimated a substantial protective effect of late menopause, with 60% fewer cardiovascular deaths among women reaching menopause at age 47 years or later [ 5].
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An increasing body of evidence showed that xenon could exert substantial protective effects on various organ injury, such as brain, spinal cord, and heart, independent of anesthesia (31– 31).
Substantial protective effects on axons against TNF-induced optic nerve degeneration were also seen in brimonidine 200 pmol-treated eyes (Fig. 1d).
Vildagliptin increases the active GLP-1 level via inhibition of DPP-4, but it has no substantial protective effects on cardiac function in this well established long-term post-MI cardiac remodeling model.
Studies in countries with a long duration of breastfeeding have reported substantial protective effects, whereas a number of studies in Western populations failed to detect an association, possibly due to the low prevalence of prolonged breastfeeding [ 26].
The evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that some edible plants as a whole, or their nutraceutical ingredients with antioxidant properties such as polyphenols have substantial protective effects on human carcinogenesis [ 3, 4].
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