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A previous analysis showed that Bombyx A3 exhibited substantial promoter activity in the larvae of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus (Ando and Fujiwara 2013).
However, we have also observed that, not only does substantial promoter methylation have an overriding effect of CYGB downregulation irrespective of hypoxia, but that CYGB upregulation in cell lines in response to hypoxia may be less dependent on alterations in CYGB promoter methylation status.
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In this work, we have demonstrated the substantial heterogeneity of promoter predictions from current methods.
32 On the other hand, epialleles generated from 271 Lo1 hybrids show substantial reduction of promoter activity and increased overall methylation (∼40%).
GABPA, another ETS-domain transcription factor, has been reported to show a substantial overlap in promoter occupancy with ELK1 and ELK4 [ 44].
We studied 40 adult males enrolled in the 1958 British Birth Cohort who have been found to have substantial variation in promoter methylation in over 6,000 genes, with a distinct methylation profile associated with socio-economic position [ 24].
This study demonstrated that the DNA sequence in the region immediately upstream of the Mor-binding site in Pm had a substantial influence on promoter activity and α DNA binding, both characteristics of an UP element.
A substantial number of promoters bound by the mutants were not detected as bound in the Ad5WT cells (Fig. 1A).
Several recent studies have shown that a substantial set of promoters recruits RNAPII, which is not released for elongation [ 38, 39].
As expected, unlike its active counterpart, the inactivated X chromosome (Xi) in the XX cells exhibited hypomethylation of gene-poor regions but hypermethylation of a substantial proportion of promoters; the latter is considered a sex chromosome dosage compensation mechanism [ 33- 35].
We also found substantial variation of GAS promoter activation among the nine different HCV 1b replicon cell lines.
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