It is easy to see how this hylomorphic analysis explains the unity of a substantial material particular, since neither the matter nor the form of such a particular is by itself a single material individual, and it is only when they are taken together that they constitute such an individual.
If there are non-substantial particulars, then Socrates' whiteness is a numerically distinct particular from Plato's whiteness.
If we continue to understand the said-of and present-in distinctions as I have characterized them, we will also find that Aristotle thinks that in addition to particulars in the category of substance there are accidental, or what we can now call non-substantial, particulars.
In the first instance, if Aristotle does accept the existence of non-substantial particulars, he certainly does not think that they can exist apart from primary substances — indeed, it is most natural to interpret Aristotle on this point as thinking that a non-substantial particular is a dependent entity, individuated only by reference to primary s substance that it is present in.
Secondary substances belong to the category of substance only insofar as they are predicated of the essence of particular substances (in quid)(EP, ch. de substantia, fol. 22ra), whereas particular substantial forms and particular matter do not properly belong to the category of substance because they do not fulfill the above conditions for being a substance (EP, ch. de substantia, fol. 22ra).
Nevertheless, therapeutic failure still remains substantial, in particular due to late initiation, interruption or refusal of cART, incomplete adherence to therapy, medication toxicities, antiretroviral drug resistance, hepatitis virus co-infections, consumption of alcohol, illicit drug use, or depression.
Among women, the reductions in risk would be more modest, but still substantial, in particular for colorectal and pharyngeal cancers.
Even if there may be substantial correlation between particular item responses when looking at the responses of many instructors together, those differences manifested by some instructors can have significant implications with regard to student learning.
The idea that substantial forms are particulars is supported by Aristotle's claims that a substance is "separate and some this" (chôriston kai tode ti, Ζ.3), that there are no universals apart from their particulars (Z.13), and that universals are not substances (Z.13).
For Albert the unity of a particular thing is rooted in its particular substantial form, and does not arise as an expression of a higher, mathematical unity, nor can any knowledge of particular natures in themselves be obtained through reflection on being itself, or other higher forms.
But they came at a substantial cost.NAFTA, in particular, was passed only after a bruising battle.
