The relevant general principle is: "Avoid causing or contributing materially to substantial offence, distress or prejudice, or a substantial risk to health or safety, unless doing so is sufficiently in the public interest".
"While some readers may have found the cartoon offensive, the council does not consider that the publication failed to take reasonable steps to avoid causing substantial offence, distress or prejudice," the adjudication published on Monday said.
In an unusual decision published on Tuesday the council did not find the paper had breached press standards by publishing a cartoon which caused "substantial offence, distress or prejudice".
Inchoate means "just begun" or "undeveloped", and is used in English criminal law to refer to situations where, although a substantial offence has not been committed, the defendant has taken steps to commit it, or encouraged others to do so.
The indictment says Ciancia, 23, "committed the offence after substantial planning and premeditation to cause the death of a person and to commit an act of terrorism".
Athletes who fail doping tests can face a ban of up to four years for a first offence, but substantial reductions can be imposed if they demonstrate that they did not intend to enhance their performance.
The raft of offences covered is substantial: assault, burglary, criminal damage, driving, drugs, theft.
The mayor's confidence in the official police data – which also showed a substantial fall in reported sexual offences – was in marked contrast to his scepticism about such figures during this year's election campaign, when Livingstone regularly cited police figures to back his claim that crime had fallen across the board under his mayoralty.
This substantial reform of the law on sex offences was designed to reflect changes in social attitudes.
Under the new guidelines, prosecutors in England and Wales will be told to seek tough penalties in cases with aggravating features such as multiple offences, abuse of position or substantial loss to public funds.
