Thus, the fitted affinities and their associated errors are not consistent with the idea that there is a substantial mutation-induced change in TOG binding affinity, and this in turn supports our claim that the conformation of the mutant cannot be very different than that of the wild-type.
Genomic analysis showed that the virus was conserved in chicken eggs but presented substantial adaptive mutations in MDCK cells.
Substantial variation in somatic mutation rates, up to 33% in normal and 60% in cancer cells, has been attributed to variation in the replication timing of DNA (Koren et al., 2012; Woo and Li, 2012).
This strategy is not recommended because mutations can occur early or late, resulting in substantial mutation frequency fluctuation between test episodes.
Now, notice that there is substantial mutation and recombination hotspot activity in the α- and β-globin gene clusters [ 234, 236].
Notably, there is also substantial variation in costs of resistance with at least some mutations exhibiting little or no cost.
Further consideration, however, suggests that there is substantial variation in fitness effects between environments for particular classes of mutation.
Although our study suggested substantial mutational uniformity in most regards, mutation processes might be more variable than indicated by our findings.
In hybridogenetically reproducing populations, the clonally transmitted part of the hybrid genomes suffered from substantial fixation of mutations in the small populations (min. 8, max 14 fixed mutations, av. 10.8).
The accumulation of a substantial number of mutations in the promoter region, which is probably the reason for non-transcription of this locus in kw4, is characteristic of genes that are being deactivated into pseudogenes.
