Injection of quinolinic acid produced a substantial lesion of the STN, of approximately the same extent as those seen in previous experiments using similar surgical protocols with the excitotoxin ibotenic acid [11,48,49].
Efficacy in L. amazonensis-based in vivo models has also been demonstrated with -epigallocatechin 3- O-gallate (28), the most abundant flavanol constituent of green tea, where dosing in mice (30 mg/kg/d, 5 d/wk. over 52 days, p.o). resulted in substantial lesion size reduction.
Like other studies using the model of parabiosis [ 1, 4, 43], we did not perform behavioral tests to examine whether cognition is improved after parabiosis, as separation of the parabionts causes substantial lesions and stress to the animals.
However, evidence for the association of fast ripples with epileptic foci depends on animal models and human cases with substantial lesions in the form of hippocampal sclerosis, which suggests that neuronal loss may be required for fast ripples.
Even if non-solid nodules are more likely to be malignant, their growth rate tends to be considerably slower than solid lesions with substantial implication for their follow-up interval and management (Fig. 2).
The majority of studies describing experimental epileptic HFA used the kainate or pilocarpine models of temporal lobe epilepsy, which depend on the establishment of a substantial hippocampal lesion akin to hippocampal sclerosis (Bragin et al., 2004; Foffani et al., 2007).
The presence of these substantial thrombotic lesions precluded a meaningful quantification of the maternal sinusoids, but a general and irregular dilation was revealed by membrane-localised E -cadherin immunostaining (Fig. 2D).
In line with this, female IFN-γR−/−/ApoE−/− mice fed a Western-type diet showed a substantial reduction in lesion size, a 60% reduction in lesion lipid accumulation, a decrease in lesion cellularity, and a marked increase in lesion collagen content.
In this study, while the three analysts chose the same frame for most of the lesions, the difference in selection of the site to measure the minimum FC thickness could be substantial for some lesions (e.g. lesion 2 in Fig. 3(a)).
As we do not have substantial neuroimaging or lesion data that speak to these results, we acknowledge that these links between visuo-spatial perspective-taking, biases in spatial attention, and empathy are somewhat tenuous, and our conclusions are only speculative.
The F1 hybrids showed substantial differences in lesion lengths between resistant hybrids and susceptible hybrids.
