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This process induced substantial grain refinement in the coarse-grained casting leading to a grain size of approximately 50 nm.
Pure fine-grained Cu and Co exhibit substantial grain growth upon annealing, whereas the Cu Co alloy is thermally stable at the same annealing temperatures.
As the libertarian writer Julian Sanchez has pointed out, it's worth taking all these polling responses with a substantial grain of salt.
For example, the Pannonian Lowland and the black soils in Ukraine and European Russia provide substantial grain export to the global market.
The substantial grain refinement of aluminum matrix as well as significant size reduction of B4C particles was observed in the weld nugget.
After 1 week, unalloyed W exhibits substantial grain growth, whereas a W alloy with 20 at.% Ti retains its nanoscale structure.
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Clay-poor gouge samples likely experienced substantial grain-size reduction and compaction, resulting in slip hardening (e.g., Morrow and Byerlee 1989).
For a salad to make a meal, it should contain something more substantial, like grains, beans or potatoes, or protein-rich ingredients like cheese, fish or eggs.
Many of these stages then indeed allow substantial coarse-graining and the development of physical models.
Critics say that corruption and mismanagement along the supply chain lead to leakage of a substantial quantity of grain meant for the poor.
Electric field induced effects are having such substantial effects on grain size that it can work as a tool to play with the surface plasmonic modes of gold and indium [80].
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