Sentence examples for substantial gene decay from inspiring English sources

Evolution of the B. bronchiseptica-derived host restricted-pathogens B. pertussis and B. parapertussis was dominated by substantial gene decay and loss.

Recent progress in the sequencing of four phytoplasma genomes and their comparative analysis [ 4- 7] have increased our understanding of phytoplasma genetics and revealed that these plant pathogens experienced substantial evolutionary gene decay, gene loss, and disruption or loss of important biosynthetic pathways [ 8].

Clearly, substantial horizontal gene transfer, genome rearrangements and gene decay have occurred in A449 relative to A. hydrophila ATCC 7966T.

Cole, S.T. et al. Massive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus.

Such a pronounced shift towards shorter genes indicates an ongoing gene decay by frameshifts and mutations leading to premature stop codons.

Interesting genes are those having substantial gene profile differences and low estimation error.

These combinations of TALE transcription factors induced substantial gene activation and allowed tuning of gene expression levels that will broadly enable synthetic biology, gene therapy and biotechnology.

Differences in L. casei genome inventory reveal both gene gain and gene decay.

Thus, a hierarchy in gene decay rates determines a pattern of relative gene expression levels.

Interestingly, gradual gene decay or diversification was observed in the order of LIIIA, LIIIC and LIIIB.

Extensive gene decay has also taken place in many Boryong-repeated genes as in those of Ikeda.