Some compounds may increase lifespan simply by substantially depressing fecundity; a substantial depression in fecundity alone is sufficient to increase longevity in Drosophila (Smith 1959).
Importantly, coilin knockout mice display significant fertility and fecundity defects.
Unexpectedly, aphids feeding on BPMV-infected soybean showed significant reductions in fecundity coupled with substantial downregulation of transcripts involved in regular cellular activities.
Third, organisms facing the looming prospect of substantial reductions in growth, fecundity, and survival are likely to eventually increase foraging activity regardless of predation risk [71], [72].
This resulted in substantial differences in overall fecundity: 21 viable seeds per maternal plant for hybrids compared with 4368 (B. rapa) and 7460 (B. napus).
Similarly, because the variance of estimates of fecundity is proportional to the real variance of fecundity among individuals (equation (1), we simulated with 3 levels of fecundity variance.
The chronic phase (Days 4 5) consisted of a still substantial but stable pathogen burden that was in no way predictive of mortality or fecundity.
We demonstrated two distinct phases of infection: an acute phase that consists of high mortality, low fecundity, and high pathogen loads, and a chronic phase where there was a substantial but stable pathogen load and mortality and fecundity returned to uninfected levels.
Although in the current study we again did not measure differences in overall fecundity in Cx. pipiens, our results do demonstrate an association between WNV infection and substantial alterations to reproductive patterns, particularly with MP20-exposed individuals.
Therefore, given that natural Daphnia populations contain substantial genetic variation for body size [ 20- 22], there should be a negative correlation between resistance and fecundity, which theory predicts can result in disruptive selection [ 6].
