On the other hand, both mortality and ingrowth had substantial error rates (Figs. 5 and 6) with ingrowth species composition being poorly predicted (Fig. 6).
It is supported by models that represent how mechanisms such as prestige, success and conformity bias could have evolved by natural selection, despite such disadvantages as learning costs, increased brain size/caloric intake, and substantial error rates.
These include substantial error rates in some taxonomic groups (e.g. Hickerson et al. 2006; Meier et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2013b) and lack of clarity about the questions being posed or rigorous independent assessment of the hypotheses being tested (Collins and Cruickshank 2013).
Given the substantial error-rates in this process such support is indeed needed.
Our results suggest the potential for substantial error in substitution rate estimates for individual branches; thus, if the rate on a branch used for calibration is estimated incorrectly, this error will be propagated over the whole tree.
This is unlikely to introduce any substantial error in cholecystectomy rate as day-case cholecystectomy was of limited use during the period studied.
We conclude that the strategy to present only the optimal result is not acceptable because it yields a substantial bias in error rate estimation, and suggest alternative approaches for properly reporting classification accuracy.
For example, it breaks the orthogonality of the sub-carriers which will result in a substantial increase in the error rate.
Otherwise frequent switching could accumulate to a substantial error in the reaction rate if the switching intervals are in the range of the waiting times.
As noted above, substantial error in estimating individual rates can come from uncertainty in the dating of the fossil or biogeographic/climatic event used as a calibration and in the assignment of that calibration to a node in the phylogeny [ 29, 30].
Although the classification error rate was substantial, we must keep in mind that the miRNA-based expression centroids reported by Blenkiron and colleagues [ 14] are based on a limited series of samples.
