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This phenomenon is of particular importance for the environmental hazard assessment of chemicals because it indicates that concentrations of chemicals that show no effect when applied singly may provoke substantial effects when acting in combination.
It is important to note that while weak interactions between extracellular domains or between transmembrane regions and lipids or between receptors and the cytoskeleton may not on their own produce significant oligomerization of receptors, these energies could have substantial effects when combined with energies of clustering.
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This study showed a substantial effect when axial weight was applied only from the proximal bone end, which is the practical effect of a weight-bearing platform.
It is found that the frequency alteration is a substantial effect when considered in the context of measurements made with oscillating jets, i.e. the dynamic surface tension.
However, in some recent studies, it was observed that praziquantel have substantial effect when used in combination of other scolicidal agents such as albendazole [ 35].
This showed that although variations in the strength of the individual connections had no effect on swimming behavior of normal sea slugs, the same variations had a substantial effect when the brain was damaged.
For example, a gene's overall effect might be too small to detect with any reasonable sample size, or a genetic effect is entirely dependent on an environmental exposure and may show a substantial effect when a specific environmental factor or another genetic variant is present.
This is good news; malaria control efforts appeared to have had substantial positive effects when the initial transmission level was low.
In the past, antibody-based therapies were dependent on immune serum that was limited in availability and was associated with substantial side effects when the serum originated from animals (2, 3).
One might logically expect that large pulses of escapees might be less frequent but have substantial fitness effects when they occur, while constant, low-level leakage might have smaller effects per spillover event but a more consistent accumulation of events over time.
Additional moderator analyses indicated substantial effect sizes when the animation was system-paced (g = 0.309), when it was coupled with auditory commentary (g = 0.336) or when the instruction did not include any accompanying text (g = 0.883).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com