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Consequently, there has been substantial duplication of effort and incompatible infrastructure developed across many research groups.
We analyzed the three known pseudogenes within the LCRs, each of which contains a substantial duplication of the original ORF.
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(The "substantial duplication" language was created to keep producers from claiming barely revised work was "new".
This causes substantial duplication in expensive components and increases cost.
Oryza sativa, cultivated rice, is a diploid monocotyledonous species with a ~390 Mb genome that has undergone segmental duplication of a substantial portion of its genome.
We regret the duplication of material.
Indeed, in Arabidopsis, duplication of the CDC27 subunit led to substantial sequence divergence and specialization [ 23].
The artubulins could have also evolved by a Nitrosarchaea-specific duplication of the FtsZ gene with subsequent substantial mutations turning them FtsZ-like.
In addition to recent genome duplications, there is substantial evidence of ancient duplication events in various evolutionary lineages (paleopolyploidy).
This commonly led to poor use of resources, substantial reporting burden through the myriad of reporting requirements and regular duplication of effort between the Commonwealth and the State.
This finding coupled with the substantial sequence and structural homology between SufB and SufD suggests that sufD results from a duplication of sufB.
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